原子論:修订间差异

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{{about|一种哲学上的物质论|物理学化学范畴中对[[原子]]的观点的历史|原子理}}
{{about|一种哲学上的物质论|物理学化学范畴中对[[原子]]的观点的历史|原子理}}
'''原子'''(英:Atomism,自古希臘語{{lang|el|atomos}},含義為“不可分割”)是在一些古代傳統展出的一[[自然哲]]。原子自然世界理基本部分所成:不可分割的'''[[原子]]'''和空的'''[[空]]'''(void)。
'''原子'''(英:Atomism,自古希腊语{{lang|el|atomos}},含义为“不可分割”)是在一些古代传统展出的一[[自然哲]]。原子自然世界理基本部分所成:不可分割的'''[[原子]]'''和空的'''[[空]]'''(void)。


== 介 ==
== 介 ==
[[里士多德]]引述的原子論觀點,原子是不可造的和永的,且形狀和大小有窮的化。它在[[空]](empty)中移,相互碰,有時變或多其他原子相鉤而形成[[聚簇]](cluster)。不同形狀、排列和位置的聚簇引起世界上各[[宏]](substance)。<ref>[[Aristotle]], ''Metaphysics'' I, 4, 985<sup>b</sup> 10–15.</ref><ref name="SEP">Berryman, Sylvia, "Ancient Atomism", ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/atomism-ancient/</ref>
[[里士多德]]引述的原子论观点,原子是不可造的和永的,且形狀和大小有窮的化。它在[[空]](empty)中移,相互碰,有时变或多其他原子相鉤而形成[[聚簇]](cluster)。不同形狀、排列和位置的聚簇引起世界上各[[宏]](substance)。<ref>[[Aristotle]], ''Metaphysics'' I, 4, 985<sup>b</sup> 10–15.</ref><ref name="SEP">Berryman, Sylvia, "Ancient Atomism", ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/atomism-ancient/</ref>


== 溯源 ==
== 溯源 ==
原子概念的述可以上溯到[[古希]]和[[印度史|古印度]]。在西方,原子的述出在公元前5世[[留基伯]]和[[德謨克利特]]的著作中<ref>The atomists, Leucippus and Democritus: fragments, a text and translation with a commentary by C.C.W. Taylor, University of Toronto Press Incorporated 1999, ISBN 0-8020-4390-9, pp. 157-158.</ref>。有人[[印度]]的[[耆那教]]<ref>{{cite book
原子概念的述可以上溯到[[古希]]和[[印度史|古印度]]。在西方,原子的述出在公元前5世[[留基伯]]和[[德謨克利特]]的著作中<ref>The atomists, Leucippus and Democritus: fragments, a text and translation with a commentary by C.C.W. Taylor, University of Toronto Press Incorporated 1999, ISBN 0-8020-4390-9, pp. 157-158.</ref>。有人[[印度]]的[[耆那教]]<ref>{{cite book
|last=Gangopadhyaya|first=Mrinalkanti
|last=Gangopadhyaya|first=Mrinalkanti
|title=Indian Atomism: History and Sources
|title=Indian Atomism: History and Sources
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|isbn=0-391-02177-X
|isbn=0-391-02177-X
|oclc=10916778}}
|oclc=10916778}}
</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Iannone|first= A. Pablo|year= 2001|title= Dictionary of World Philosophy|publisher= Routledge|isbn= 0415179955|oclc= 44541769|url= http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0415179955&pg=PA83|pages= 83,356|access-date= 2011-12-14|archive-date= 2020-07-26|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200726140301/https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0415179955&pg=PA83|dead-url= no}}</ref>的原子論認為開創者[[笩駄摩那|大雄]]在公元前6世提出,並將與其同代[[六外道]]的{{en-link|正命|Ājīvika}}和[[世派]]先驅的[[元素]]思想也稱為原子<ref>Thomas McEvilley, The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies ISBN 1-58115-203-5, Allwarth Press, 2002, p. 317-321.</ref>。對於印度文化影臘還是反之,亦或二者立演化迄今仍存在爭議。<ref>{{cite book
</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Iannone|first= A. Pablo|year= 2001|title= Dictionary of World Philosophy|publisher= Routledge|isbn= 0415179955|oclc= 44541769||pages= 83,356|access-date= 2011-12-14}}</ref>的原子论认为开创者[[笩駄摩那|大雄]]在公元前6世提出,并将与其同代[[六外道]]的{{en-link|正命|Ājīvika}}和[[世派]]先驅的[[元素]]思想也称为原子<ref>Thomas McEvilley, The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies ISBN 1-58115-203-5, Allwarth Press, 2002, p. 317-321.</ref>。对于印度文化影腊还是反之,亦或二者立演化迄今仍存在争议。<ref>{{cite book
|last=Teresi|first=Dick|publisher = Simon & Schuster
|last=Teresi|first=Dick|publisher = Simon & Schuster
|title = Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science
|title = Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science
|year=2003|isbn=074324379X
|year=2003|isbn=074324379X
|
|url = http://books.google.com/?id=pheL_ubbXD0C&pg=PA213
|pages = 213–214}}</ref>
|pages = 213–214}}</ref>


在古印度哲中,[[正理派]]和[[勝論派]]後來發展出了[[微|原子]]如何合成更複雜的理。<ref>Richard King, Indian philosophy: an introduction to Hindu and Buddhist thought, , Edinburgh University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-7486-0954-7, pp. 105-107.</ref>佛教中,在對應於[[古典元素|元素]]的[[四界]]學說上,发展出了對應原子的[[微]]學說後來進一步演繹出成系的色聚理
在古印度哲中,[[正理派]]和[[胜论派]]后来发展出了[[微|原子]]如何合成更复杂的理。<ref>Richard King, Indian philosophy: an introduction to Hindu and Buddhist thought, , Edinburgh University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-7486-0954-7, pp. 105-107.</ref>佛教中,在对应于[[古典元素|元素]]的[[四界]]学说上,发展出了对应原子的[[微]]学说后来进一步演繹出成系的色聚理


== 解 ==
== 解 ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
== 目 ==

== 目 ==
* Clericuzio, Antonio. ''Elements, Principles, and Corpuscles; a study of atomism and chemistry in the seventeenth century''. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
* Clericuzio, Antonio. ''Elements, Principles, and Corpuscles; a study of atomism and chemistry in the seventeenth century''. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
* [[F. M. Cornford|Cornford, Francis MacDonald.]] ''Plato's Cosmology: The ''Timaeus'' of Plato''. New York: Liberal Arts Press, 1957.
* [[F. M. Cornford|Cornford, Francis MacDonald.]] ''Plato's Cosmology: The ''Timaeus'' of Plato''. New York: Liberal Arts Press, 1957.
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* McEvilley, Thomas (2002). ''The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies''. New York: Allworth Communications Inc. ISBN 1-58115-203-5.
* McEvilley, Thomas (2002). ''The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies''. New York: Allworth Communications Inc. ISBN 1-58115-203-5.


== 參見 ==
== 参见 ==
* [[原子理]]
* [[原子理]]
* [[元素]]
* [[元素]]
* [[化史]]
* [[化史]]


== 外部連結 ==
== 外部链接 ==
* [http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;chunk.id=dv1-21 ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas'':] Atomism: Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century
* [http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;chunk.id=dv1-21 ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas'':] Atomism: Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century
* [http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;chunk.id=dv1-22 ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas'':] Atomism in the Seventeenth Century
* [http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;chunk.id=dv1-22 ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas'':] Atomism in the Seventeenth Century
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* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atomism-modern/ Atomism from the 17th to the 20th Century] at [http://plato.stanford.edu/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atomism-modern/ Atomism from the 17th to the 20th Century] at [http://plato.stanford.edu/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]


[[Category:科]]
[[Category:科]]
[[Category:古希]]
[[Category:古希]]
[[Category:前苏格拉底哲学]]
[[Category:前苏格拉底哲学]]
[[Category:自然主义]]
[[Category:自然主义]]