世界民意研究學會：修订间差异

| name = 世界民意研究學會

| type = [[專業團體]]

| headquarters = {{USA}}[[林肯 (內布拉斯加州)|內布拉斯加州林肯]]

| membership= 約400人

| leader_title = 會長

| leader_name = 提姆·P·約翰遜<br><small>{{lang|en|Timothy P. Johnson}}</small>

'''世界民意研究學會'''（{{lang-en|World Association for Public Opinion Research}}，{{lang|en|WAPOR}}）是一個國際學術組織，由從事[[溝通]]與{{Link-en|調查 (人文研究)|Survey (human research|調查研究}}的學者組成，總部位於美國[[林肯 (內布拉斯加州)|內布拉斯加州林肯]]。它也是[[國際社會科學理事會]]的會員組織。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unl.edu/wapor/social_science.html|title=International Social Science Council|accessdate=2007-11-03|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102102044/http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/social_science.html|archivedate=2007-11-02|df=}}</ref>

== 歷史 ==

世界民意研究學會原名「世界民意研究大會」（{{lang|en|World Congress on Public Opinion Research}}），1947年於第2屆國際民意研究研討會上成立，地點是[[威廉斯敦 (麻薩諸塞州)|麻塞諸塞州威廉斯敦]]。<ref name="dodd">{{cite journal|title=The World Association for Public Opinion Research|last=Dodd|first=Stuart C.|date=Spring 1957|journal=''{{Link-en|公共輿論季刊|Public Opinion Quarterly|Public Opinion Quarterly}}''|issue=1|doi=10.1086/266698|volume=21|pages=179–84|jstor=2746801|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Development of AAPOR|date=Spring 1957|journal=''Public Opinion Quarterly''|issue=1|doi=10.1086/266696|volume=21|pages=165–73|jstor=2746799|lastauthoramp=yes|author1=Hart, Clyde W.|author2=Don Cahalan|language=en}}</ref>

1948年於第3屆研討會上改為現名。<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=VwIwAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22&q=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''A Quarter Century of International Social Science: Papers and Reports on Developments, 1952-1977''|author={{Link-en|史坦·洛肯|Stein Rokkan|Rokkan, Stein}}(ed)|publisher=Concept|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1979|location=|page=279|oclc=7575815|language=en}}</ref>1953年，學會成為當時[[聯合國教科文組織]]在調查研究領域唯一的顧問團體。

學會現任理事長是[[伊利諾大學芝加哥分校]]教授提姆·P·約翰遜（{{lang|en|Timothy P. Johnson}}）。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wapor.org/about-wapor/leadership/|title=WAPOR Leadership|access-date=2021-08-21|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303110418/https://wapor.org/about-wapor/leadership/|archive-date=2021-03-03|language=en}}</ref>

歷任前理事長包括[[胡安·林茲]]、[[伊莉莎白·諾艾爾-諾依曼]]、{{Link-en|羅伯特·伍斯特|Robert Worcester}}、[[西摩·馬丁·利普塞特]]、克萊兒·杜蘭德（{{lang|en|Claire Durand}}）等社會學或政治學者。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wapor.unl.edu/history/|title=History|accessdate=2007-11-03|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en}}</ref>

=== 會員 ===

隨著時間推移，世界民意研究學會的會員逐漸成長，且更加多元。創會初期，協會約有158名會員，來自20個國家。其後逐年增加，1962年時，學會已有200名來自30個不同國家的會員。 <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=C_lLAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22&q=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''Encyclopedia Americana''|publisher=Americana Corporation|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1965|volume=22|pages=774|language=en}}</ref>；1970年會員人數更上升到300名，來自41個國家。<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=OMgqAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22&q=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''Encyclopædia Britannica''|author=Warren E. Preece, editor.|publisher=[[大英百科全書公司|Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]]|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1974|isbn=0-85229-290-2|volume=15|pages=214|language=en}}</ref>

2016年時，世界民意研究學會共有400名會員，來自60個不同國家的大學或研究機構。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wapor.unl.edu/membership/|title=Membership Information|accessdate=2007-11-02|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en}}</ref>

== 活動 ==

世界民意研究學會贊助出版《{{Link-en|國際民意研究期刊|International Journal of Public Opinion Research}}》，這是一份由[[牛津大學出版社]]出版的社會科學期刊。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/|title=Oxford Journals: Social Sciences – Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research|accessdate=2007-02-21|year=2007|publisher=[[牛津大學出版社|Oxford Journals]]|language=en}}</ref>此外，世界民意研究學會也與{{Link-en|歐洲輿論與市場研究學會|European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research}}結盟，分享學術資訊。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wapor.unl.edu/|title=WAPOR homepage|accessdate=2012-12-26|language=en}}</ref>

學會每三年舉辦一次例行研討會，全球各地來自政府部門、學術機構與企業組織的調查研究者將齊聚一堂，交流最新的研究成果。 最近一次大會於2016年10月12日，在美國德克薩斯州[[奧斯丁]]市舉辦。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wapor.org/seminars-events/|title=Conferences and Seminars|accessdate=2007-11-02|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207104438/http://wapor.org/seminars-events/|archive-date=2014-12-07|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

1981年起，世界民意研究學會開始頒發海倫·迪納曼獎－－該獎項係紀念社會學家[[海倫·迪納曼]]而設立－－以表彰「對調查研究方法有顯著貢獻」的學者。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/awards.html|title=Awards and Prizes|accessdate=2007-11-02|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102024431/http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/awards.html|archivedate=2008-01-02}}</ref>歷屆得主包括{{Link-en|菲力普·康維斯|Philip Converse}}、{{Link-en|路易斯·古特曼|Louis Guttman}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=World of Sociology|title=Louis Guttman|url=http://www.bookrags.com/biography/louis-guttman-soc/|accessdate=2008-01-01|year=2005–2006|publisher={{Link-en|蓋爾 (出版社)|Gale (publisher)|Thomson Gale}}|language=en}}</ref>、{{Link-en|羅格·豪威爾|Roger Jowell}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.ac.uk/sociology/dps/SOCIOLOGY_RESEARCH_REPORT_2005-06.pdf|title=Annual Research Report, 2005-2006|accessdate=2008-01-01|format=[[PDF]]|publisher=Department of Sociology, [[倫敦大學城市學院|City University London]]|pages=9|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219072328/http://city.ac.uk/sociology/dps/SOCIOLOGY_RESEARCH_REPORT_2005-06.pdf|archivedate=2009-02-19|df=}}</ref>、{{Link-en|埃利胡·卡茨|Elihu Katzd}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Z9n1HICzx4oC&pg=PA195&dq=%22Helen+Dinerman+Award%22|title=''American Communication Research: The Remembered History''|author=Dennis, Everette E., and Ellen Wartella (eds)|publisher={{Link-en|泰勒與法蘭西斯出版集團|Taylor & Francis|Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}}|accessdate=2007-12-31|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8058-1744-7|location=|page=195|language=en}}</ref>、胡安·林茲、西摩·馬丁·利普塞特<ref>{{cite news|title=Hoover Senior Fellow Seymour Martin Lipset Dies|date=2007-01-03|work=''[[美國商業資訊|Business Wire]]''|language=en}}</ref>、[[羅伯特·金·莫頓]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Helen Dinerman and the Connecting of Science with Practice1|url=http://www.crs.wsu.edu/facstaff/dillman/don-dinerman06-brief.pdf|last=Dillman|first=Don A.|journal=''Newsletter''|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|accessdate=2008-01-01|issue=Second Quarter 2006|pages=7–10|format=[[PDF]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803180728/http://www.crs.wsu.edu/facstaff/dillman/don-dinerman06-brief.pdf|archivedate=2007-08-03|language=en|dead-url=no}}</ref>、伊莉莎白·諾艾爾-諾依曼<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=qTzsujjiQMsC&pg=PA146&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''Public Opinion, The Press, and Public Policy''|author2=Chi-Yung Moh|publisher=Praeger Publishers|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1994|isbn=978-0-275-95097-2|editor=J. David Kennamer|location=[[韋斯特波特 (康乃狄克州)|Westport, Connecticut]]|page=146|chapter=The Spiral of Silence: Linking Individual and Society Through Communication|lastauthoramp=yes|author1=Salmon, Charles T.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Jds8Oc1Oqt0C&pg=PA303&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''Women in Communication: A Biographical Sourcebook''|last=Viswanath|first=K.|publisher=[[格林伍德出版集團|Greenwood Press]]|accessdate=2007-11-02|year=1996|isbn=978-0-313-29164-7|editor=Nancy Signorielli|location=Westport, Connecticut|page=303|chapter=Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (1916– )|language=en}}</ref>、[[西德尼·維巴]]、<ref>{{cite journal|title=2004 Dinerman Award Winner: Dr. Sidney Verba|url=http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/Newsletters/2nd%20Q%202004.pdf|journal=''Newsletter''|publisher=World Association for Public Opinion Research|accessdate=2008-01-01|issue=Second Quarter 2004|pages=4–5|format=[[PDF]]|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706183317/http://www.unl.edu/WAPOR/Newsletters/2nd%20Q%202004.pdf|archivedate=2008-07-06|df=}}</ref>羅伯特·伍斯特、{{Link-en|丹尼爾·揚克洛維奇|Daniel Yankelovich}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publicagenda.org/aboutpa/aboutpa_whoswho_detail.cfm?list=1|title=Daniel Yankelovich|accessdate=2007-11-02|work=Who's Who at Public Agenda?|publisher=Public Agenda|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715221908/http://www.publicagenda.org/aboutpa/aboutpa_whoswho_detail.cfm?list=1|archivedate=2007-07-15|language=en|dead-url=no}}</ref>等社會科學領域學者。

== 影響 ==

前《[[華盛頓郵報]]》調查主任理查·莫蘭（{{lang|en|Richard Morin}}）曾評論世界民意研究學會為「最具領導性的外國民調專業組織」<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/polls/wat/archive/wat011998.htm|title=Crackdown on Pollsters|last=Morin|first=Richard|date=1998-01-19|work=''[[The Washington Post]]''|accessdate=2007-11-03|language=en}}</ref>[[俄亥俄州立大學]]政治學教授、中西部政治學會理事長赫爾伯特·韋堡（{{lang|en|Herbert Weisberg}}）<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pro.osu.edu/profiles/weisberg.1/|title=Dr. Herbert F. Weisberg|accessdate=2007-11-03|work=OSU:pro|publisher=[[The Ohio State University]]|language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718052329/https://pro.osu.edu/profiles/weisberg.1/|archivedate=2011-07-18|df=}}</ref>也讚揚世界民意研究學會促進調查研究領域的[[國際化]]和[[專業化]]。<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=lH2f9Ka60IQC&pg=PA11&dq=%22World+Association+for+Public+Opinion+Research%22|title=''The Total Survey Error Approach: A Guide to the New Science of Survey Research''|last=Weisberg|first=Herbert F.|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|accessdate=2007-11-03|year=2005|isbn=978-0-226-89127-9|location=[[Chicago, Illinois]]|page=11|language=en}}</ref>

== 參見 ==

* [[輿論調查]]

* [[公共輿論]]

== 參考文獻 ==

{{reflist|45em}}

== 外部連結 ==

* [http://www.wapor.org 世界民意研究學會（WAPOR）官方網站] {{en}}

* [http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/ 國際民意研究期刊官方網站] {{en}}

[[Category:社會科學組織]]

[[Category:1947年建立的組織]]