Windows 11新功能：修订间差异

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[[Windows 11]]是[[Windows NT]]操作系统的主要版本，与其前作相比引入了一些新的功能，<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Introducing Windows 11|url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/06/24/introducing-windows-11/|access-date=June 25, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Blog|first=Windows Experience|website=Windows Experience Blog|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624174827/https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/06/24/introducing-windows-11/|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> 其中一些包括重新设计的用户界面、新的开发平台和社交平台、安全性以及可访问性的更新，除此之外还有对性能的改进。<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 Is the Overhaul Microsoft Needed|url=https://gizmodo.com/windows-11-is-the-overhaul-microsoft-needed-1847168306|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=Gizmodo|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625222822/https://gizmodo.com/windows-11-is-the-overhaul-microsoft-needed-1847168306|archive-date=June 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Main|流畅设计体系}}微软在2017年推出的一种名为流畅设计体系的更新，<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fluent Design is Microsoft's new modern UI for Windows and more|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/11/15615812/microsoft-fluent-design-system-project-neon-features|access-date=May 11, 2017|date=May 11, 2017|website=The Verge}}</ref> 并在Windows 11中有所体现。据微软称，Windows 11的设计“让人轻松、宁静，具有个性特色，令人熟悉、完整和连贯”。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 design principles - Windows apps|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/signature-experiences/design-principles|access-date=June 29, 2021|last=hickeys|website=docs.microsoft.com|language=en-us}}</ref> 重新设计的重点是简易性和灵活性，<ref name=":3" /> 解决了Windows 10的一些缺陷。<ref name=":11" /> Windows 11 中的大多数界面都经过简化，具有圆角设计、重新设计的图标、新的排版和新的色板。此外，半透明和阴影效果在整个系统中更加普遍。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 Leaks Indicate a Dramatic New Look Is Coming Soon|url=https://gizmodo.com/windows-11-leaks-indicate-a-dramatic-new-look-is-coming-1847103947|access-date=June 16, 2021|website=Gizmodo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616143026/https://gizmodo.com/windows-11-leaks-indicate-a-dramatic-new-look-is-coming-1847103947|archive-date=June 16, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Windows 11还引入了"Mica"云母材质，这是一种新的不透明材质，质感有些变化，并带有桌面壁纸的颜色。<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Windows 11 Means for Developers|url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsdeveloper/2021/06/24/what-windows-11-means-for-developers/|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Blog|first=Windows Developer|website=Windows Developer Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Materials used in Windows 11 apps - Windows apps|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/signature-experiences/materials|access-date=June 29, 2021|last=hickeys|website=docs.microsoft.com|language=en-us}}</ref>

开始菜单在Windows 11中进行了重新设计，以遵循新的流畅设计原则。菜单现在具有玻璃般的半透明外观，带有阴影的微妙效果。按钮的四角和菜单本身已被圆角化，删除了[[Windows 8]]中引入的“动态磁贴”功能和Windows 10中引入的应用程序列表。相反，开始菜单加入可被固定的应用程序的网格以及最近使用的应用程序和文档的动态列表。<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=Microsoft announces Windows 11, with a new design, Start menu, and more|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22546791/microsoft-windows-11-announcement-features-updates|access-date=June 24, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Warren|first=Tom|website=The Verge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624150725/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22546791/microsoft-windows-11-announcement-features-updates|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 is much more than a new theme slapped onto Windows 10|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/|access-date=June 25, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Salter|first=Jim|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203309/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/|archive-date=June 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

文件资源管理器也在Windows 11中进行了重新设计。原先的设计自Windows 8以来几乎保持不变，而现在遵循更新的流畅设计体系。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft reveals brief look at Windows 11's new modern File Explorer UI|url=https://www.windowscentral.com/windows-11-new-file-explorer|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|website=Windows Central}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Hands on with Windows 11 File Explorer's command bar, context menu|url=https://www.windowslatest.com/2021/06/29/hands-on-with-windows-11-file-explorers-command-bar-context-menu/|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 28, 2021|last=Parmar|first=Mayank|website=Windows Latest|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 Settings and File Explorer app leak — see the new interfaces|url=https://www.laptopmag.com/au/news/windows-11-settings-and-file-explorer-app-leak-see-the-new-interfaces|access-date=June 29, 2021|last=June 2021|first=Kimberly Gedeon 28|website=LaptopMag|language=en}}</ref> 新的命令栏取代了以前版本的Windows的功能区界面。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft teases new File Explorer for Windows 11 with redesigned header|url=https://www.windowslatest.com/2021/06/25/microsoft-teases-new-file-explorer-for-windows-11-with-redesigned-header/|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Parmar|first=Mayank|website=Windows Latest|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web|title=Hands on with Windows 11 (and this time it's official)|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3623352/windows-11-official-hands-on.html|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 28, 2021|website=PCWorld|language=en}}</ref> 还存在半透明、阴影和圆角图形。文件资源管理器的功能和特性与Windows 10相同。<ref name=":12" />

任务栏在Windows 11中也被重新设计。默认情况下，底部按钮居中对齐，<ref name="verge-win11-leakstartmenuscreenshots3">{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 leak reveals new UI, Start menu, and more|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/15/22535123/microsoft-windows-11-leak-screenshots-start-menu|access-date=June 17, 2021|date=June 15, 2021|last=Warren|first=Tom|website=The Verge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618175206/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/15/22535123/microsoft-windows-11-leak-screenshots-start-menu|archive-date=June 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> 虽然它也可以被移回原先的左侧。小组件、开始菜单和任务视图也拥有了被重新设计的按钮，而所有的这些都具有动画。任务栏被永久锁定在屏幕底部，在Windows 11中无法移动到屏幕的顶部、左侧或右侧。

任务视图是Windows 10中引入的一项功能，在Windows 11中采用全新设计，并删除了时间线功能。<ref name=":03" /> 每个虚拟桌面都可以有不同的名称和不同的壁纸。<ref>{{Cite web|title='Leaked' Windows 11 Reviews Are In|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brookecrothers/2021/06/18/leaked-windows-11-reviews-are-in---that-was-fast/|access-date=June 29, 2021|last=Crothers|first=Brooke|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>

Snap布局已通过两个附加的功能得到增强：用户可将鼠标悬停在“最大化”按钮上，它会弹出一个网格，可以让用户选择将窗口对齐到某一具体的位置上。这类似于[[Microsoft PowerToys|微软PowerToys]]的FancyZones程序。<ref name=":17" /> 窗口的平铺排列可以最小化并从任务栏恢复为Snap布局。<ref name=":4" />

一个新的小组件取代了Windows 8中引入的“动态磁贴”功能，并扩展了Windows 10 21H1中引入的“新闻和兴趣”组件。<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Windows evolves: Windows 11, and the future of Windows 10|url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/windows-evolves-windows-11-and-the-future-of-windows-10/|access-date=June 29, 2021|last=Bisson|first=Simon|website=TechRepublic|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref>任务栏中有一个按钮，单击后打开一个半透明面板。该面板具有一个包含各种详细信息的小部件系统。用户可以更改这个布局。小组件还提供由人工智能和Microsoft新闻提供的新闻摘要，其中包含一些当地的新闻。<ref name=":14" />

Windows 11还改进了基于触摸的交互体验了移除平板模式；<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 Specifications - Microsoft|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-11-specifications|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=Windows|language=en-us}}</ref> 相反，Windows 11会在需要时可以自适应。新的以及被改进的手势可用于平板电脑和触摸屏。<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":14" /> 应用程序窗口现在有更大的触摸空间，并且在屏幕旋转时会自动排列在分屏视图中。Windows 11采用了一个新的、可个性化的键盘，支持滑动和单手使用模式。<ref name=":32" /> Windows 11还对墨迹书写和语音输入进行了改进，对于某些特别功用的笔，Windows 11将支持触觉反馈。<ref name=":32" /> 新的动态刷新率设置允许设备在转动或进行墨迹书写时自动提高屏幕的刷新率。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 gets 'Dynamic Refresh Rate' to compete with Apple's ProMotion|url=https://www.windowscentral.com/dynamic-refresh-rate-windows-11-surface-hardware|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 28, 2021|website=Windows Central}}</ref>

Windows操作中心被快捷设置和通知中心取代。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing the first Insider Preview for Windows 11|url=https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2021/06/28/announcing-the-first-insider-preview-for-windows-11/|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 28, 2021|last=Blog|first=Windows Insider|website=Windows Insider Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 features a shiny new Action Center with media controls|url=https://www.windowslatest.com/2021/06/25/windows-11-features-a-shiny-new-action-center-with-media-controls/|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 25, 2021|last=Parmar|first=Mayank|website=Windows Latest|language=en-US}}</ref> 快捷设置提供对常用功能的一些设置，例如Wi-Fi、蓝牙和专注助手，以及媒体播放控件、屏幕亮度滑块和音量滑块。通知中心包含了[[日历 (Windows)|日历]]和所有通知。<ref name=":17" />

* Windows 11使用了新[[字体]][[Segoe|Segoe UI Variable]]。该字体对于高[[每英寸点数|DPI]]的显示器的显示效果更好，而旧的Segoe UI没有考虑到这一点。<ref>{{cite web|title=Windows 11 features already in preview: Everything you can try right now|url=https://www.xda-developers.com/windows-11-features-in-preview|access-date=June 21, 2021|date=June 18, 2021|website=XDA Developers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621112851/https://www.xda-developers.com/windows-11-features-in-preview/|archive-date=June 21, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

* 系统的其他改进包括新的系统图标、动画和声音。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leak Shows Off 'Windows 11' Ahead of Next Week's Microsoft Event|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/leak-shows-off-windows-11-ahead-of-next-weeks-microsoft-event|access-date=June 16, 2021|website=PCMAG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616143057/https://www.pcmag.com/news/leak-shows-off-windows-11-ahead-of-next-weeks-microsoft-event|archive-date=June 16, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Microsoft Windows 11 preview: 11 new features we are most excited for|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/11-windows-11-features-we-are-most-excited-for/|access-date=June 19, 2021|author=Arif Bacchus|date=June 16, 2021|website=Digital Trends|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061704/https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/11-windows-11-features-we-are-most-excited-for/|archive-date=June 17, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

除了英特尔的Bridge技术，<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intel's Bridge technology will allow Android apps to run natively on Windows 11|url=https://www.engadget.com/intel-bridge-windows-11-android-apps-181527847.html|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=Engadget|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Intel Core Processors and Intel Bridge Technology Unleash Windows 11...|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-tech-unleashes-windows-experience.html|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=Intel|language=en}}</ref> Windows 11还将允许用户在他们的设备上安装和运行Android应用程序。这些应用程序在Microsoft Store中通过Amazon Appstore获得。<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Amazon and Microsoft create new opportunities for developers and increase return on investment in the Amazon Appstore : Appstore Blogs|url=https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/appstore/post/a7583854-9367-4480-99c4-15f91456558c/amazon-and-microsoft-create-new-opportunities-for-developers-and-increase-return-on-investment-in-the-amazon-appstore|access-date=June 24, 2021|website=developer.amazon.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624155916/https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/appstore/post/a7583854-9367-4480-99c4-15f91456558c/amazon-and-microsoft-create-new-opportunities-for-developers-and-increase-return-on-investment-in-the-amazon-appstore|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Microsoft Windows 11 will support Android apps|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/24/microsoft-windows-11-event-live-updates.html|access-date=June 24, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Haselton|first=Jordan Novet,Kif Leswing,Todd|website=CNBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624143625/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/24/microsoft-windows-11-event-live-updates.html|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Microsoft is bringing Android apps to Windows 11 with Amazon's Appstore|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22548428/microsoft-windows-11-android-apps-support-amazon-store|access-date=June 24, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Warren|first=Tom|website=The Verge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624153856/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22548428/microsoft-windows-11-android-apps-support-amazon-store|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Windows 11's Intel-powered Android apps will run on AMD and Arm processors, too|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22549303/windows-11-intel-bridge-android-apps-amd-arm-processors|access-date=June 24, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Gartenberg|first=Chaim|website=The Verge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204301/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22549303/windows-11-intel-bridge-android-apps-amd-arm-processors|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> 用户还可以通过任何来源安装Android应用程序。<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 will support Android apps from outside the Amazon Appstore|url=https://www.xda-developers.com/windows-11-support-installing-android-apps-amazon-appstore/|access-date=June 26, 2021|date=June 25, 2021|website=xda-developers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626000916/https://www.xda-developers.com/windows-11-support-installing-android-apps-amazon-appstore/|archive-date=June 26, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Microsoft商店|Microsoft Store]]作为Windows的应用程序和其他内容的统一商店，也在Windows 11中进行了重新设计。微软现在允许开发人员在Microsoft Store中发布Win32程序、[[渐进式网络应用程序]]和其他封装技术程序，以及标准的[[通用Windows平台]]应用程序。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft is committed to the Microsoft Store with Windows 11|url=https://www.windowscentral.com/more-app-more-stores-more-money-windows-11-win-developers|access-date=June 25, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|website=Windows Central|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625222845/https://www.windowscentral.com/more-app-more-stores-more-money-windows-11-win-developers|archive-date=June 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Windows 11将允许用户在其设备上安装精选的[[Android]]应用，这些应用可以通过[[亚马逊应用商店]]并在Microsoft Store内完成下载。该功能将需要微软帐户、亚马逊帐户和Windows亚马逊应用商店客户端的安装。<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" />

协作平台Microsoft Teams被直接集成到Windows 11中。Skype将不再被默认安装。<ref name=":32" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft didn't kill Skype, but Windows 11 is shoving it out of sight|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22549191/skype-windows-11-microsoft-teams|access-date=June 25, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Lawler|first=Richard|website=The Verge|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625050147/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22549191/skype-windows-11-microsoft-teams|archive-date=June 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft Teams will be directly integrated as part of Windows 11|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22548738/microsoft-teams-windows-11-integration-announcement-features|access-date=June 25, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Welch|first=Chris|website=The Verge|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624170727/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22548738/microsoft-teams-windows-11-integration-announcement-features|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Windows任务栏中会显示一个Teams图标，让用户可以立即向他们的联系人呼叫或发送消息。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft unveils Windows 11, integrating Teams directly into flagship operating system|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2021/microsoft-unveils-windows-11-integrating-teams-directly-flagship-operating-system/|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|website=GeekWire|language=en-US}}</ref>

Windows 8中首次引入的Windows设置程序经过了重新的视觉设计。<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite web|title=Microsoft shows off redesigned Settings app for Windows 11|url=https://www.windowslatest.com/2021/06/25/microsoft-shows-off-redesigned-settings-app-for-windows-11/|access-date=June 29, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Parmar|first=Mayank|website=Windows Latest|language=en-US}}</ref> 该更新同样遵循流畅设计体系，具有新的布局、更透明和更丰富多彩的图标。与控制面板一样，新的Windows设置程序会存在一个导航侧边栏。侧边栏链接到程序内的各种设置分组。<ref name=":15" />

* 记事本和画图工具具有更新界面。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Notepad and MS Paint for Windows 11 are also getting a Fluent Design update - MSPoweruser|url=https://mspoweruser.com/notepad-and-ms-paint-for-windows-11-are-also-getting-a-fluent-design-update/|access-date=June 29, 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> 这些应用程序现在具有流畅设计体系。

一个新的[[Xbox]]应用在Windows 11中被默认安装。<ref name=":16">{{cite web|title=Xbox Game Pass is built into Windows 11|url=https://www.polygon.com/22548822/windows-11-xbox-game-pass-pc-auto-hdr-directstorage|access-date=June 24, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Sarkar|first=Samit|work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624163435/https://www.polygon.com/22548822/windows-11-xbox-game-pass-pc-auto-hdr-directstorage|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=DirectStorage on Windows 11: Next-gen gaming performance, with PC requirements|url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2021/06/gaming-on-windows-11-directstorage-api-auto-hdr-will-require-os-update/|access-date=June 25, 2021|date=June 24, 2021|last=Machkovech|first=Sam|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203239/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2021/06/gaming-on-windows-11-directstorage-api-auto-hdr-will-require-os-update/|archive-date=June 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Xbox Cloud Gaming]]和[[Xbox Game Pass]]被直接集成到应用程序中。<ref name=":16" />

作为最低系统要求的一部分，Windows 11仅在具有[[可信平台模块|TPM]] 2.0安全协处理器的设备上运行。<ref name=":8">{{cite web|title=Windows 11: Minimum Hardware Requirements|url=https://download.microsoft.com/download/7/8/8/788bf5ab-0751-4928-a22c-dffdc23c27f2/Minimum%20Hardware%20Requirements%20for%20Windows%2011.pdf|access-date=June 25, 2021|date=June 2021|website=Microsoft|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195007/https://download.microsoft.com/download/7/8/8/788bf5ab-0751-4928-a22c-dffdc23c27f2/Minimum%20Hardware%20Requirements%20for%20Windows%2011.pdf|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 won't work without a TPM - What you need to know|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/windows-11-wont-work-without-a-tpm-what-you-need-to-know/|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=BleepingComputer|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625193452/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/windows-11-wont-work-without-a-tpm-what-you-need-to-know/|archive-date=June 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> 根据微软的说法，TPM 2.0 协处理器是防止固件和硬件遭受攻击的“关键性构建模块”。此外，微软现在要求装有Windows 11的设备需包含基于虚拟化的安全 （VBS）、虚拟机管理程序保护的代码完整性 （HVCI） 以及内置并默认启用的[[安全启动]]。<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 enables security by design from the chip to the cloud|url=https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/06/25/windows-11-enables-security-by-design-from-the-chip-to-the-cloud/|access-date=June 26, 2021|date=June 25, 2021|website=Microsoft Security Blog|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626053707/https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/06/25/windows-11-enables-security-by-design-from-the-chip-to-the-cloud/|archive-date=June 26, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Windows 11还为受支持的[[英特尔|Intel]]和[[超威半导体|AMD]]处理器提供硬件强制堆栈保护，以防止[[零日攻击|零日漏洞攻击]]。

{{Reflist|2}}{{Microsoft Windows family}}