凯尔特地区(英语:Celtic nations)是位于北欧及西欧的一系列地区的并称。这一地区在过去或现在仍然使用凯尔特语,并在艺术、历史、音乐、舞蹈、文学等文化领域拥有共通的独特之处[1]。凯尔特地区包括了6个地区,分别是布列塔尼(Breizh)、康沃尔郡(Kernow)、爱尔兰(Éire)、曼岛(Mannin)、苏格兰(Alba)、威尔士(Cymru)[1][2]。这些地区至今仍然使用凯尔特语族的语言,或至现代为止都曾使用凯尔特语系语言[3]。除此之外,西班牙西北部(加利西亚、阿斯图里亚斯、坎塔布里亚),葡萄牙(和加利西亚接壤山区的部分地区)有时也被认为属于凯尔特地区[4][5][6]。在古罗马和日耳曼尼亚文化圈扩大之前,凯尔特文化在欧洲文化中占有重要的地位[7]。凯尔特地区现在的总人口有18,584,000人,其中能使用凯尔特系语言诸语的人口约有2,882,100人。近年在凯尔特地区,能使用凯尔特语言的人口有所增加[8][9]。
国家 (凯尔特名) |
凯尔特语 | 民族 | 人口 | 语言使用人数 | 语言使用比例 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
爱尔兰 Éire |
爱尔兰语 (Gaeilge) |
爱尔兰人 (Éireannaigh, Gaeil) |
4,588,252[10] | 1,904,958[11][12] | 38.6% |
北爱尔兰 Tuaisceart Éireann |
爱尔兰语 (Gaeilge) |
爱尔兰人 (Éireannaigh, Gaeil) |
1,810,863[10] | 130,521[11][12] | 7.2% |
苏格兰 Alba |
苏格兰盖尔语 (Gàidhlig) |
苏格兰人 (Albannaich) |
5,313,600 | 92,400[13] | 1.2%[14] |
马恩岛 Mannin Ellan Vannin |
曼岛语 (Gaelg) |
曼岛人 (Manninee) |
84,497[15] | 1,662[15] | 2.0%[15] |
威尔士Cymru | 威尔斯语 (Cymraeg) |
威尔斯人 (Cymry) |
3,000,000 | 750,000+: 威尔斯:611,000[16] 英格兰:150,000 [17] 阿根廷:5,000[18] 美国:2,500 [19] 加拿大:2,200 [20] |
21.7%[21] |
Template:Country data CornwallKernow | 康瓦尔语 (Kernowek) |
康瓦尔人 (Kernowyon) |
500,000 | 2,000[22] | 0.1%[23][24] |
布列塔尼大区 Breizh |
布列塔尼语 (brezhoneg) |
布列塔尼人 (Breizhiz) |
4,300,000 | 206,000[25] | 5%[25] |
参考资料
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Koch, John. Celtic Culture : A Historical Encyclopedia. ABL-CIO. 2005: xx, 300, 421, 495, 512, 583, 985. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
- ↑ Celticleague.net. [2013-11-18].
- ↑ Koch, John T. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 2006: 365.
- ↑ Koch, John T. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 2006: 365, 697, 788–791.
- ↑ Alberro, Manuel. Celtic Legacy in Galicia. E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. 2005, 6: 1005–1035 [2013-11-18].
- ↑ Site Officiel du Festival Interceltique de Lorient. Festival Interceltique de Lorient website. Festival Interceltique de Lorient. 2009 [2009-05-15].
- ↑ Ian Johnston. We're nearly all Celts under the skin. The Scotsman. 2006-09-21 [2007-11-24].
- ↑ Fockle ny ghaa: schoolchildren take charge. [2014-05-10].
- ↑ 'South West:TeachingEnglish:British Council:BBC. BBC/British Council website (BBC). 2010 [2010-02-09].
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 爱尔兰共和国2011年人口有4,588,252人,北爱尔兰2011年人口有1,810,863人。这些是相关司法管辖区政府统计机构的普查数据:
- Central Statistics Office, Dublin
- Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Population and Migration Estimates Northern Ireland (2008) (PDF). Belfast: Department of Finance and Personnel. 2008 [2010-01-11].
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Central Statistics Office Ireland. Cso.ie. [2013-09-30].
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 北爱尔兰来自2001年普查的数字有些模棱两可,因为它涵盖“对于爱尔兰语有点认识”的人。在宣称“有点认识”的167,487人中,36,479人能够听得懂但本身不懂得说。
- ↑ Mixed report on Gaelic language. BBC News. 2005-10-10 [2013-09-30].
- ↑ Kenneth MacKinnon. Census 2001 Scotland: Gaelic Language – first results. 2003 [2007-03-24].
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Isle of Man Census 2011 (PDF). Isle of Man Government. [2014-10-17].
- ↑ 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey: the report – Welsh Language Board. [2010-05-23].
- ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – United Kingdom : Welsh. UNHCR. [2010-05-23].
- ↑ Wales and Argentina. Wales.com website. Welsh Assembly Government. 2008 [2011-01-02].
- ↑ Table 1. Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over for the United States: 2006–2008 Release Date: April, 2010 (xls). United States Census Bureau. 2010-04-27 [2011-01-02].
- ↑ 2006 Census of Canada: Topic based tabulations: Various Languages Spoken (147), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2010-12-07 [2011-01-03].
- ↑ Publication of the report on the 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey. Welsh Language Board website An increase from the 2001 census results: 582,368 persons age 3 and over were able to speak Welsh – 20.8% of the population. Welsh Language Board. 2006-05-08 [2010-04-04].
- ↑ 'South West:TeachingEnglish:British Council:BBC. BBC/British Council website (BBC). 2010 [2010-02-20].
- ↑ projects.ex.ac.uk – On being a Cornish ‘Celt’: changing Celtic heritage and traditions (PDF). [2017-04-22].
- ↑ Effectively extinct as a spoken language in 1777. Language revived from 1904, though a tiny 0.1% percent is able to hold a limited conversion in Cornish.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 (法文) Données clés sur Breton, Ofis ar Brezhoneg