KK音标

KK音标（英语：John Samuel Kenyon and Thomas Albert Knott），是一种美式英语发音的音素音标，它所使用的符号几乎与国际音标（IPA）相符。KK音标最初使用在1944年出版的《美式英语发音辞典》（A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English），由于两位作者约翰·塞缪尔·肯尼恩及托马斯·A·克诺特（Thomas A. Knott）的姓皆以K为开头，所以此辞典使用的音标俗称为KK（Kenyon and Knott）音标。

比较

以下是KK音标、DJ音标及IPA音标的比较。

元音

单元音 KK DJ IPA 单字 [i] [iː] [iː] seat [ɪ] [ɪ] [ɪ] sit [e] [eɪ] [eɪ] pain [ɛ] [e] [e] head [æ] [æ] [æ] fat [ɑ] [ɑː] [ɑ] hot [o] [əʊ] [əʊ] nose [ɔ] [ɔː] [ɔː] four [ɔ] [ɔ] [ɒ] dog [u] [uː] [uː] too [ᴜ] [ʊ] [ʊ] put [ʌ] [ʌ] [ʌ] sun [ə] [ə] [ə] again [ɪr] [ɪə] [ɪə] rear [ɚ] [ə] [ə˞] brother [ɝ] [ɜ] [ɜ˞] bird

双元音 KK DJ IPA 单字 [aɪ] [aɪ] [aɪ] pie [aᴜ] [aʊ] [aʊ] house [ɔɪ] [ɔɪ] [ɔɪ] coin

辅音 清音 KK DJ IPA 单字 [p] [p] [p] pet [t] [t] [t] ten [k] [k] [k] key [f] [f] [f] fat [s] [s] [s] sing [θ] [θ] [θ] thank [ʃ] [ʃ] [ʃ] short [tʃ] [tʃ] [tʃ] chair [h] [h] [h] ha 浊音 KK DJ IPA 单字 [b] [b] [b] book [d] [d] [d] desk [g] [g] [ɡ] get [v] [v] [v] vest [z] [z] [z] zoo [ð] [ð] [ð] this [ʒ] [ʒ] [ʒ] measure [dʒ] [dʒ] [dʒ] john [m] [m] [m] mom [n] [n] [n] nose [ŋ] [ŋ] [ŋ] sing [l] [l] [l] long [r] [r] [ɹ] red [j] [j] [j] yes [w] [w] [w] we

与国际音标之异同

KK音标是宽式音标，toe的长o双元音只以一个[o]表示，而不是[oʊ]，may的长e双元音只以一个[e]表示，而不是[eɪ]。

KK音标和IPA有一些违背之处，大多是为了印刷方便：

• 符号[ᴜ]（缩小的大写U）取代IPA的[ʊ]，这是foot的元音和mouth的双元音的后半部分。
• “回尾g”取代IPA的“开尾g”。
• 符号[r]取代IPA的[ɹ]，这表示的是美式英语的齿龈近音。
• 重音与次重音记号稍微向中间倾斜，不是垂直的。也就是说，写成像^\和_/，而不是^|和_|。
• 冒号[:]取代IPA的长音记号[ː]，但KK通常不标出长音。
• 外来语中用加横杠的g（ǥ）代替IPA的[ɣ]，即浊软颚擦音。

参考文献

外部链接

• 1949 年版 A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English 下载
• Kenyon, John S.; Thomas A. Knott. A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster. 1944/1953. ISBN 978-0-87779-047-1. 

参见

• 音标
  • 国际音标
  • DJ音标
  • 韦氏音标