楚科奇语 | |
---|---|
Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ (ləɣ'orawetl'an) | |
母语国家和地区 | 俄罗斯联邦 |
区域 | 楚科奇自治区 |
母语使用人数 | 5,100人(2010年 普查)[1] |
语系 | |
语言代码 | |
ISO 639-3 | ckt |
濒危程度 | |
联合国教科文组织认定的濒危语言[2] 极度危险(UNESCO) |
楚科奇语(ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ、Chukchi /ˈtʃʊktʃiː/[3]、俄语:чукотский язык)为俄罗斯联邦远东地区楚科奇自治区楚科奇人的语言,属古西伯利亚语言的一种,2010年俄罗斯普查使用人口约5,100人。根据UNESCO的濒危语言红皮书,楚科奇语被列为濒危语言之中。
字母
参见:楚克奇语书写法
楚科奇字母加上声门塞音共有37个字母符号;历经二次字母符号改革,目前以西里尔字母为基础再加上三个楚克奇特有的字母;及1个声门塞音所组成。
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж | З з | И и |
Й й | К к | Ӄ ӄ | Л л | Ԓ ԓ | М м | Н н | Ӈ ӈ | О о | П п |
Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ |
Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я | ʼ |
楚克奇拉丁字母
楚克奇拉丁字母就是使用拉丁字母来表逹楚克奇拉语的形式。这个系统只采用ISO 9系统使用的字母来拉丁化楚科奇语[4]:
西里尔字母 | 拉丁字母 |
---|---|
А а | A a |
Б б | B b |
В в | V v |
Г г | G g |
Д д | D d |
Е е | E e |
Ё ё | Ë ë |
Ж ж | Ž ž |
З з | Z z |
И и | I i |
Й й | J j |
К к | K k |
Ӄ ӄ | Ḳ ḳ |
Л л | L l |
Ԓ ԓ | Ḷ ḷ |
М м | M m |
Н н | N n |
Ӈ ӈ | Ň ň |
О о | O o |
西里尔字母 | 拉丁字母(ISO 9) |
---|---|
П п | P p |
Р р | R r |
С с | S s |
Т т | T t |
У у | U u |
Ф ф | F f |
Х х | H h |
Ц ц | C c |
Ч ч | Č č |
Ш ш | Š š |
Щ щ | Ŝ ŝ |
Ъ ъ | ʺ |
Ы ы | Y y |
Ь ь | ʹ |
Э э | È è |
Ю ю | Û û |
Я я | Â â |
ʼ | ʼ |
音韵结构
楚科奇语音系为阿留特语之音系,楚科奇语属于元音和谐的语言之一。
语法
楚科奇语语法为基于楚科奇语之语法。在语法的分类上归为古西伯利亚语言之楚科奇-堪察加语系,且并不同于一般的分析语或其它综合语里的语式结构及变化。楚科奇语是一种主要具有黏着法构词特性之作通格语言。它还含有非常普遍的并合结构,亦属于元音和谐律的语言。
外来的影响
楚科奇的外来影响尚未得到充分研究。
相关影视
- 电影:歼灭任务(Перегон (фильм)/中继站),2006年。导演:亚历山大·弗拉基米罗维奇·罗戈日金。
- 电影:捕鲸男孩(Китобой (2020)),2020年。导演:菲利普·尤里耶维奇·尤里耶夫。
注释
- ↑ 楚科奇语于《民族语》的链接(第17版,2013年)
- ↑ UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger, UNESCO
- ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
- ↑ ISO 9:1995: Information and documentation — Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters — Slavic and non-Slavic languages. International Organization for Standardization. [2019-07-10].
参考文献
- Jack Ryalls, Susan J. Behrens,"Introduction to Speech Science--From basic theories to clinical application(言语科学概论--从基础理论到临床应用)"[1] ,World Publishing; 1 edition (April 24, 2003),pp.167. ISBN 978-0-205-29100-7
- П. Я. Скорик. Грамматика чукотского языка. Часть первая. Фонетика и морфология именных частей 1200 экз. Москва・Ленинград: Издательство Академии Наук СССР. 1961 (俄语).[2]
- Skorik, P[etr] Ja., 1961. Grammatika čukotskogo jazyka 1: Fonetika i morfologija imennych častej reči (Grammar of the Chukchi Language: Phonetics and morphology of the nominal parts of speech) [in Russian] [3]. Leningrad: Nauka.
- Skorik, P[etr] Ja., 1977. Grammatika čukotskogo jazyka 2: Glagol, narečie, služebnye slova (Grammar of the Chuckchi Language: Verb, adverb, function words) [in Russian] [4]. Leningrad: Nauka:
- Skorik, P. J. (1961/1977). Grammatika čukotskogo jazyka (Grammar of the Chukchi Language) [in Russian] [5][6]. Vol. 1/2. Leningrad: Nauka
- Alevtina N. Zhukova, Tokusu Kurebito,"A Basic Topical Dictionary of the Koryak-Chukchi Languages (Asian and African Lexicon Series, 46)",ILCAA, Tokyo Univ. of Foreign Studies (2004), ISBN 978-4-87297-896-4
- Bogoras, Waldemar, 1901. "The Chukchi of Northeastern Asia", American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Jan–Mar, 1901), pp. 80–108
- Bogoras, W., 1922. "Chukchee". In Handbook of American Indian Languages II, ed. F. Boas, Washington, D.C.
- Comrie, B., 1981. The Languages of the Soviet Union, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Cambridge Language Surveys). ISBN 0-521-23230-9 (hardcover) and ISBN 0-521-29877-6 (paperback)
- De Reuse, Willem Joseph, 1994. Siberian Yupik Eskimo: The Language and Its Contacts with Chukchi, Univ. of Utah Press, ISBN 0-87480-397-7
- Dunn, Michael, 2000. "Chukchi Women's Language: A Historical-Comparative Perspective", Anthropological Linguistics, Vol. 42, No. 3 (Fall, 2000), pp. 305–328
- Dunn, Michael John, 1999. "A grammar of Chukchi"[7], Australian National University, Thesis (PhD),1999-05.
- Nedjalkov, V. P., 1976. "Diathesen und Satzstruktur im Tschuktschischen" [in German]. In: Ronald Lötzsch (ed.), Satzstruktur und Genus verbi (Studia Grammatica 13). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, pp. 181–211.
- Priest, Lorna A. Proposal to Encode Additional Cyrillic Characters (PDF). 2005 [2014-05-26].
- Weinstein, Charles, 2010. Parlons tchouktche [in French]. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-10412-9
参看
外部链接
- Spencer, Andrew. Chukchee homepage [Grammatical sketch based on Skorik 1961-1977]. 1999 [2006-01-26].
- Muravyova I. A., Daniel M. A., Zhdanova T. Ju. Chukchi language and folklore in texts collected by V. G.Bogoraz. Part two: grammar. 2001.
- Endangered Languages of Siberia – The Chukchi language
- Russian-Chukchi Phrasebook
- The Gospel of Luke in Chukchi
- Population by mother tongue and districts in 50 Governorates of the European Russia in 1897
- Chukchi fairy tales in Chukchi and English
- Words of Life - Chukchi
- 楚科奇语资料1
- Чукотские сказки - читаем вместе :)
- Чукотские сказки - читаем вместе :)
- Endangered Languages of Siberia - The Chukchi language
- VISITCHUKOTKA.COM - Chukotka audio dictionary
- Siegel, Wolfram. Chukchi (Луоравэтлан/Luoravetlan). Omniglot.
- Volodin, A. P. and P. Ja. Skorik (1997). "Čukotskyj jazyk" (The Chukchi language) [in Russian]. In: Jazyki mira: Paleoaziatskije jazyki (Languages of the World: Paleoasiatic Languages), Moskva: Indrik, p. 23-39; online: Čukotskyj jazyk.