假种皮（aril, arillus），亦作临时种皮、种衣，是一种附着于种子表面，将种子外侧覆盖起来的构造。相较于种皮为珠被发育而成，假种皮常由珠柄（胚珠与子房相连的构造，又称胎座）发育而成，也可能来自胚珠的其他部分（如珠孔），后者有时亦被称为拟假种皮（arillode, false aril）[1][2]。假种皮通常如果肉般颜色鲜艳且肉质可食[3]，可吸引动物取食以协助传播种子[4]，如龙眼、荔枝、榴莲[5][6]与阿开木等可食用部分就是假种皮。
此外，裸子植物的胚珠没有子房保护，通常不会形成果实，种子裸露[7]。有些裸子植物的种子外部会包覆一层肉质物，外观上形似果实，那纯粹是由其假种皮发育而来，属于假果，如红豆杉、核果杉与新西兰鸡毛松等裸子植物的种子皆属之。
实例
欧洲的东北红豆杉的种子是假种皮的典型例子，其种子红色膨大的构造即为假种皮，假种皮初时为种子基部的绿色构造，随着种子的发育渐转为棕色或红色，并包覆整个种子，左图成熟的红色种子两旁是未成熟的种子。新西兰鸡毛松为新西兰的原生植物，其假种皮发育成的果实称为koroi，曾为毛利人的食物来源[8][9]。
参见
参考资料
- ↑ Beentje, H.; Williamson, J., The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Publishing, 2010
- ↑ Robert Bentley. A Manual of Botany: Including the Structure, Classification, Properties, Uses, and Functions of Plants. J. & A. Churchill. 1882: 329.
- ↑ Eduard Strasburger, Heinrich Schenck, Ludwig Jost, George Karsten. A text-book of botany. Macmillan. 1912: 517.
- ↑ Marshall, C. Fruit and Seed Production. 1992-04-30. ISBN 9780521373500.
- ↑ Brown, Michael J. Durio – A Bibliographic Review (PDF). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). 1997: 35 [2011-06-12]. ISBN 978-92-9043-318-7.
- ↑ 郭华仁. 種子學. 台湾大学出版中心. 2015: 13. ISBN 9863501131.
- ↑ 裸子植物. 特有生物研究保育中心.
- ↑ Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (kahikatea) description. conifers.org. 2011 [10 September 2011].
'The small fruit (koroi) are superabundant and highly nutritious. The birds ate them and flocked for miles to do so.
- ↑ Kahikatea, Dacrycarpus. web.auckland.ac.nz. 2011 [10 September 2011].
The juicy, swollen, red stalk which holds the seed is known as koroi.
- ↑ Dahlgren, R. And R. F. Thorne. The order Myrtales: circumscription, variation, and relationships. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1984, 71: 633–699 [2019-05-04]. doi:10.2307/2399158.
- ↑ Jules Janick, Robert E. Paull. The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI. 2008: 138. ISBN 0851996388.
- ↑ Teri Dunn Chace, Robert Llewellyn. Seeing Seeds: A Journey into the World of Seedheads, Pods, and Fruit. Timber Press. 2015: 25. ISBN 160469713X.